39 · Words and actions of Jesus
Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet
John 13:1–17

Jesus takes a servant's place. Peter must let himself be served.
Why does Jesus wash the disciples' feet?
Discuss: Which is harder: serving or receiving service?
After your discussion: compare with our assessment
Our assessment
A takes Jesus' own explanation seriously. He does not deny his position as Lord and Teacher but uses it to redefine how authority and status are expressed among his followers. C captures the two directions of the story. Peter must first accept Jesus serving and washing him. The disciples are then told to do for one another as Jesus has done for them.
39 · John 13:1–17
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Text & context
Full translation
Translated from the Greek text – SBLGNT
What is happening here?
Notice this
Peter wants to follow Jesus, but here he must first: allow Jesus to serve him. Only afterward does Jesus say: “As I have done to you, you also should do.” The movement is: receive → imitate → pass it on. Also notice Jesus' titles. He does not say: “You are wrong to call me Lord.” He says: “You are right, for that is what I am.” The foot washing therefore does not show Jesus' authority disappearing. It shows what his authority looks like when expressed through serving love.
Language & translation
From the Greek
εἰς τέλος ἠγάπησεν αὐτούς – eis telos ēgapēsen autous
he loved them to the end / to the uttermost Eis telos can express temporal completion, “to the end,” as well as fullness, “completely/to the uttermost.” The phrase frames the foot washing and passion narrative in love.
νίπτειν τοὺς πόδας – niptein tous podas
to wash the feet Niptō is used for washing a part of the body, here the disciples' feet.
οὐ μὴ νίψῃς μου τοὺς πόδας εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα – ou mē nipsēs mou tous podas eis ton aiōna
you will never wash my feet Peter uses an emphatic negative construction. His resistance is categorical.
οὐκ ἔχεις μέρος μετ᾽ ἐμοῦ – ouk echeis meros met' emou
you have no share with me Meros means part or share. Jesus makes receiving his action decisive for Peter's participation with him.
ὁ κύριος καὶ ὁ διδάσκαλος – ho kyrios kai ho didaskalos
the Lord and the Teacher Jesus confirms these titles. His service therefore occurs not because he denies his authority but in the midst of it.
ὑπόδειγμα – hypodeigma
example / pattern Jesus explicitly says he has given the disciples a hypodeigma.
καθὼς ἐγὼ ἐποίησα ὑμῖν – kathōs egō epoiēsa hymin
as I have done to you The disciples' actions are to be shaped by what they have first seen and received from Jesus.
Translation note
Independent English translation from the Greek text, using SBLGNT as the primary Greek edition.
Compare for yourself
Read John 13:1–17 together with the rest of John 13. Pay particular attention to:
- eis telos
- niptō
- meros
- kyrios
- didaskalos
- hypodeigma
- Judas' presence in the narrative
- Jesus' new commandment of love in John 13:34–35
Also compare Luke 22:24–27, where the disciples dispute about who is greatest and Jesus describes himself as one who serves.
Continue the conversation
Discuss further
- Why do you think Peter finds it so difficult to allow Jesus to wash his feet?
- What does the foot washing suggest about how authority should be used?
- Must Jesus' command be understood as literal foot washing, a broader pattern of service – or both?
- How is the scene affected by the fact that Jesus already knows Judas will betray him?
Parallel passages
- Luke 22:24–27
- John 13:34–35
- Philippians 2:5–8
Sources
- The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition (SBLGNT), Michael W. Holmes, ed.
- John 13:1–17
- Standard Greek lexical resources for agapaō, telos, niptō, meros, kyrios, didaskalos, and hypodeigma