20 · Jesus' Parable

The Widow and the Unjust Judge

Luke 18:1–8

A widow stands before a seated judge in a public court setting while other people are visible around them.

A widow persistently seeks justice from a judge with no fear of God or respect for people.

What does Jesus teach through the unjust judge?

Choose a perspective

There is no score – choose the perspective you find closest and discuss why.

Discuss: How is faith affected when an answer to prayer is delayed?

After your discussion: compare with our assessment

Our assessment

B and C are closest to our understanding. B captures the contrast in Jesus' argument. If even an unjust judge finally gives justice, how much more can God's justice be trusted. C has direct support from Luke's own introduction: the parable is told so that the disciples will always pray and not give up.

20 · Luke 18:1–8

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Text & context

Full translation

1 He told them a parable about their need always to pray and not give up. 2 He said, "In a certain city there was a judge who neither feared God nor cared about people. 3 In that city there was a widow who kept coming to him, saying, 'Give me justice against my opponent.' 4–5 For a long time he refused. But afterward he said to himself, 'Even though I do not fear God or care about people, I will give this widow justice because she keeps troubling me, so that by continually coming she does not wear me out.' 6 The Lord said, "Listen to what the unjust judge says. 7 Will God not bring justice for his chosen ones, who cry out to him day and night? Will he delay long over them? 8 I tell you, he will bring justice for them soon. Yet when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on the earth?"

Translated from the Greek text – SBLGNT

What is happening here?
Luke states the purpose before the story begins: Jesus tells the parable so that the disciples will always pray and not give up. It also follows Jesus' teaching in Luke 17 about the future revelation of the Son of Man, and the parable itself ends by returning to the Son of Man's coming.
Notice this

Jesus twice emphasizes that he neither fears God nor cares about people. He is not presented as a picture of God's moral character. Widows could be especially economically and legally vulnerable. The story gives her no powerful network or obvious leverage. Her persistence is the resource she visibly has. The request concerns justice, not merely getting any desired outcome. This matters because the parable should not be turned into a technique promising that enough repetition guarantees every request. Not because he becomes good. He acts because her repeated return troubles him. That makes the contrast with God crucial. The argument works from lesser to greater: if even this judge eventually acts, how much more can a just God be trusted? The chosen ones cry out "day and night," suggesting experienced delay, while Jesus also says God will bring justice en tachei. The story preserves tension between persistent waiting and God's decisive action. The context concerns persistent prayer, justice, God's chosen people, waiting, and the coming of the Son of Man---not a universal mechanism for obtaining anything one asks for. Jesus ends by asking whether the Son of Man will find faith on earth when he comes. Persistent prayer and persistent faith therefore belong together. The preceding chapter concerns the days and future revelation of the Son of Man. This supports reading the widow's persistence within the larger setting of disciples waiting for God's final justice.

Language & translation

From the Greek

μὴ ἐγκακεῖν -- mē enkakein

not give up / not lose heart

ἐκδίκησόν με -- ekdikēson me

give me justice / vindicate me

ὑπωπιάζῃ -- hypōpiazē

wear me out / trouble me severely The verb can literally be used of striking under the eye, but here most likely functions figuratively for the widow's relentless persistence.

ἐν τάχει -- en tachei

soon / quickly

μακροθυμεῖ -- makrothymei

delay / be patient / show forbearance The wording of verse 7 is interpretively difficult, so major conclusions should not rest on only one English rendering.

Translation note

Independent English translation from the Greek text, using SBLGNT as the primary Greek edition.

Compare for yourself

Read Luke 18:1–8 and begin with verse 1. What does Luke himself say Jesus intends to teach the disciples through the parable? Then read the judge's words and the widow's repeated request. In what ways is God like the judge, and in what ways does Jesus' argument depend on God not being like him?

    Continue the conversation

    Discuss further
    1. Is God like the judge, or does the judge mainly function as a contrast?
    2. What does it mean not to give up in prayer?
    3. Why is the widow specifically asking for justice?
    4. How can God act "soon" while people cry out day and night?
    5. What does the parable not promise about prayer?
    6. Why does Jesus end with a question about faith?
    7. How does Luke 17 affect the reading of this parable?
    Parallel passages
    • Luke 11:5–13
    • Luke 17:20–37
    • Luke 18:9–14
    • Matthew 7:7–11
    Sources
    • The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition (SBLGNT), Luke 18:1–8
    • Standard Greek lexical resources for enkakeō, ekdikeō, hypōpiazō, tachos, and makrothymeō